Sharks are a fascinating part of our natural ecosystem. They are the apex predators of the oceans and play an important role in maintaining the health and balance of marine life. However, human encounters with these majestic creatures can sometimes lead to dangerous situations. Shark attacks, although rare, can happen. That said, the right knowledge and preparedness can significantly increase one’s chances of survival.
First, it is essential to have a basic understanding of sharks. They are not naturally inclined to attack humans. Most attacks occur when sharks mistake humans for their usual prey, such as seals or fish. Contrary to popular belief, humans are not on a shark’s menu.
Prevention is Key
The best way to survive a shark attack is to prevent one from happening in the first place. Be aware of your surroundings when swimming in the ocean. Here are some crucial tips:
- Avoid swimming at dawn, dusk, and night: These times are when sharks are most active and feeding. Reduced visibility makes it easier for sharks to mistake a human for their natural prey.
- Don’t swim in murky water: Again, this is all about visibility. Murky water can confuse a shark and lead to an accidental bite.
- Avoid areas where sharks are known to be present: This may seem obvious, but it’s worth repeating. Pay attention to posted warnings and local knowledge about the presence of sharks.
- Don’t wear bright, contrasting colors or shiny jewelry: These can attract sharks by mimicking the shimmer of fish scales.
- Avoid excess splashing or erratic movements: These can mimic the behavior of injured or distressed prey.
Avoid shark hunting grounds
Do not swim, surf or surf-ski when lots of birds, dolphins or seals are feeding nearby. This activity suggests there are schools of baitfish and other predators, like sharks, in the area. Along the same lines, avoid areas where trek-netting, fishing or spear fishing is taking place because sharks, just like the fishermen, are attracted to the fish. Dead whales are like a giant magnet for sharks, so do not swim, surf or surf-ski if there’s a whale stranding nearby.
Sharks, like lions, are ambush predators and use their habitat to their advantage. They like to hunt near deep water channels next to drop-offs and kelp forests. They also use low light like dawn and dusk and murky water to hide in, and sneak up on their prey.
River mouths are another place sharks like to feed near because they are so attractive to fish and often water visibility is very poor which is to the sharks’ advantage.
Don’t swim solo
You are vulnerable on your own and there is safety in numbers. The more people in the water with you, the more chance of spotting sharks and having someone close by to lend a hand in case of an emergency. If you are kayaking or surf-skiing far out to the sea, consider paddling in groups and staying close together.
If you really must be on your own, think about using an electronic shark repellent. Although there is no shark deterrent on the market that guarantees your safety 100%, the Shark Shield, has proved effective in some scenarios. If you are surfing, kayaking, diving or spearfishing in areas where encountering a shark is likely, then this is a good option to consider.
Don’t set yourself up as competition
Sharks have acute senses, especially smell. So if you are diving for crayfish do not use a bait bag and similarly, if you spearfish, do not carry your fish with you as this will attract the attention of sharks close by and you may find yourself in competition with a large shark.
Always remember that the ocean is a wild space with wild creatures, which means there are no 100% guarantees. But the risk of being bitten by a shark can be lowered if people exercise caution and are aware of their environment.
Spotting a Shark
Before an attack, a shark may display certain behaviors that can help you understand its intentions. These can include erratic swimming patterns, hasty circling, or rapid changes in depth. Sharks may also protrude their dorsal fins or repeatedly bump or nudge an object. Being aware of these signs can provide precious time to exit the water safely.
During an Attack
In the unfortunate circumstance that a shark attack is imminent, knowing how to react can mean the difference between life and death.
- Stay calm: It’s easier said than done, but panicking will only make the situation worse. Sharks sense fear and excitement, which may provoke them further.
- Defend yourself: If a shark is coming towards you, do your best to hit it. The most sensitive areas are the eyes, gills, and the tip of the shark’s snout. Aim your punches or kicks there.
- Maintain eye contact: Sharks tend to attack from behind to surprise their prey. If you can, try to keep the shark in your field of view.
- Back away slowly: Do not turn your back on the shark and try to out-swim it. This will trigger its natural instinct to chase. Instead, move slowly, keeping your eyes on the shark.
After an Attack
Surviving the initial attack is the first hurdle. Following that, immediate action must be taken to address any injuries:
- Get out of the water: As soon as the shark retreats, calmly but quickly leave the water. Your safety is the priority.
- Apply pressure to wounds: Use a towel, clothing, or bandages to apply direct pressure to any wounds to stop bleeding. If possible, try to elevate the injury above the level of your heart.
- Seek immediate medical attention: Even if your injuries seem minor, it’s important to get medical help as soon as possible. There’s a risk of infection and there may be internal injuries that aren’t immediately apparent.
Final Thoughts
While the idea of a shark attack is terrifying, remember that they are rare events. You are more likely to be struck by lightning than to be attacked by a shark. Moreover, co-existing with these incredible creatures in their natural habitat is part of what makes our planet so diverse and beautiful.
Your safety is crucial, so arm yourself with knowledge and respect the sea. By taking the time to understand and respect these apex predators, we can safely share their world and diminish the fear that surrounds them.